In the last part, the partial results of research applied to the case study of the INA CASA Sbarre Inferiori public housing estate in Reggio Calabria, the object of theoretical and design analysis, are presented.The contribution aims to highlight the design opportunities for this urban context with a view to ecological transition and sustainable development, showing how to design experimentation on the scale of the residential district can be readapted to the dimension of the village or small town.KeywordsPublic residential estatesAppropriate technologiesSustainbale regeneration At the architectural scale, the new spatial and technological needs of living are examined, which are combined with the need to renew the residential housing stock, now structurally and technologically obsolete. The theoretical perspective and the research results applied to the case study take into account the transformations induced by the global Covid-19 pandemic and is therefore placed in a post-pandemic perspective.Enabling technologies at the urban scale, related to mobility and urban and residential public spaces are addressed. ![]() The state of the art, analysed in the first part of the article, consists of an examination of strategies, policies and good practices of urban sustainability, useful to define the analytical framework of the research, presented in the second part of the contribution. The contribution addresses the issue of the sustainable transformation of the urban and built environment through a reflection on the strategic and design opportunities for the renewal of public residential neighbourhoods. The first case involves rules of imputation, while the second concerns culpability, and justifying the actio libera doctrine therefore faces different challenges in the two cases. On the other hand, it disallows defendants to appeal to defences they would otherwise be entitled to use to block liability, if they culpably created the conditions of their own defence. On the one hand, the actio libera doctrine allows us to waive the voluntariness requirement that is generally needed for criminal liability. But I argue that we must distinguish between two importantly different understandings of the doctrine itself and its application in law. This doctrine seems to be instantiated in a great many actual legal practices. The actio libera doctrine allows us to impute unfree actions to persons, provided they were responsible for causing the conditions of unfreedom that characterizes those actions when performed. Like our Enlightenment counterparts, contemporary philosophers of criminal law, as well as most Western legal systems (both common law and civil), allow that persons can be responsible for acts that are not free when performed, provided they were free in their causes. The actio libera in causa doctrine, as originally formulated by various Enlightenment philosophers, concerns the imputation of responsibility to actors for actions unfree in themselves, but free in their causes.
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